Benzoyl chloride

Benzoyl chloride - Names and Identifiers

Name	Benzoyl chloride
Synonyms	Benzoil chloride Benzoyl chloride BenzoylChlorideGr BENZOYL CHLORIDE, ACS O-Chloroformylbenzene alpha-Chlorobenzaldehyde alpha-chloro-benzaldehyd 4-Chlorocarbonylpolystyrene
CAS	98-88-4
EINECS	202-710-8
InChI	InChI=1/C7H5ClO/c8-7(9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H
InChIKey	PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Benzoyl chloride - Physico-chemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C7H5ClO
Molar Mass	140.57
Density	1.211 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point	-1 °C (lit.)
Boling Point	198 °C (lit.)
Flash Point	156°F
Water Solubility	reacts
Vapor Presure	1 mm Hg ( 32 °C)
Vapor Density	4.88 (vs air)
Appearance	Liquid
Color	Clear
Odor	Pungent characteristic.
Exposure Limit	ACGIH: Ceiling 0.5 ppm
Merck	14,1112
BRN	471389
PH	2 (1g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Storage Condition	Store below +30°C.
Stability	Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, water, alcohols, strong bases. Reacts violently with DMSO and vigorously with alkalies.
Sensitive	Moisture Sensitive
Explosive Limit	2.5-27%(V)
Refractive Index	n20/D 1.553(lit.)
Physical and Chemical Properties	character colorless transparent flammable liquid, exposed to air smoke. Has a special irritating odor, vapor irritation eye mucosa and tear soluble in ether, chloroform, benzene and carbon disulfide. Water, ammonia or ethanol gradually decomposed to produce benzoic acid, benzamide or ethyl benzoate and hydrogen chloride
Use	For dye intermediates, initiators, UV absorbers, rubber additives, pharmaceuticals, etc

Benzoyl chloride - Risk and Safety

Hazard Symbols	C - Corrosive
Risk Codes	R34 - Causes burns R43 - May cause sensitization by skin contact R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
Safety Description	S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
UN IDs	UN 1736 8/PG 2
WGK Germany	1
RTECS	DM6600000
TSCA	Yes
HS Code	29310095
Hazard Note	Corrosive
Hazard Class	8
Packing Group	II
Toxicity	LD50 orally in Rabbit: 2460 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit 790 mg/kg

Benzoyl chloride - Nature

Open Data Verified Data

colorless liquid with special pungent odor. Do not dissolve in water, soluble in ethanol, ether and benzene, at 15 deg C and water or with the role of alkali in aqueous solution to generate benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid. In case of open flame, high heat or contact with oxidant, there is a risk of combustion explosion. The reaction with water gave off Fever of toxic and corrosive gases. Corrosive.

Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35

Benzoyl chloride - Preparation Method

Open Data Verified Data

toluene and chlorine were obtained by side chain chlorination reaction under light, and then hydrolyzed in acidic medium. Or benzoic acid and light reaction. Benzoic acid may also be obtained by reaction with silicon tetrachloride.

Last Update：2022-01-01 09:27:59

Benzoyl chloride - Use

Open Data Verified Data

can be used in non-ionic vegetable gum and amphoteric metal salt crosslinking gel fracturing fluid. Generally not used alone, often with the use of persulfate. It is also used in the production of dye intermediates, benzophenone UV absorbers, rubber additives, medicines, etc.

Last Update：2022-01-01 09:27:59

Benzoyl chloride - Safety

Open Data Verified Data

rat oral LD50: lOOOmg/kg. Rats inhaled 2H LC50:1870mg/m3. Have tear irritation, skin, mucous membrane, eyes and respiratory tract irritation, paralysis of the central nervous system. Stored in a dry, clean warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat source. Retainer seal. The treatment was operated in nitrogen. Has a strong stimulating effect on the eyes, skin, mucous membranes and respiratory tract.

Last Update：2022-01-01 09:28:00

Benzoyl chloride - Reference Information

pH range of acid-base indicator discoloration	2 at 1g/l
freezing point	-1 ℃
LogP	1.44 at 21℃ and pH6
(IARC) carcinogen classification	2A (Vol. 29, Sup 7, 71) 1999
NIST chemical information	information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link)
EPA chemical substance information	information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link)
Introduction	benzoyl chloride (CAS 98-88-4) also known as benzoyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, belonging to a kind of acid chloride. Pure colorless transparent flammable liquid, exposure to air smoke. Industrial products with light yellow, with a strong irritating odor. Vapor on the eye mucosa, skin and respiratory tract has a strong stimulating effect, by stimulating the eye mucosa and tear. Benzoyl chloride is an important intermediate for the preparation of dyes, fragrances, organic peroxides, pharmaceuticals and resins. It has also been used in photography and the production of artificial tannins, and has been used as a stimulant gas in chemical warfare. Figure 1 is the structural formula of benzoyl chloride
preparation method	in the laboratory, benzoyl chloride can be obtained by distilling benzoic acid and phosphorus pentachloride under anhydrous conditions. The industrial preparation method can be obtained by using thionyl chloride and benzaldehyde chloride.
hazard category	hazard category for benzoyl chloride: 8
Use	benzoyl chloride is an intermediate of the herbicide oxazinone, and is also an intermediate of the insecticide benzenecapid, hydrazine inhibitor. benzoyl chloride is used as a raw material for organic synthesis, dyes and medicines, and as an initiator, dibenzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, pesticide herbicide, etc. In terms of pesticides, is a new type of inducible insecticide isoxazole thiophos (isoxathon, Karphos) intermediates. It is also an important benzoylation and benzylation reagent. Most of benzoyl chloride is used to produce benzoyl peroxide, followed by the production of benzophenone, benzyl benzoate, benzyl cellulose and benzamide and other important chemical raw materials, benzoyl peroxide for the polymerization initiator of plastic monomer, polyester, epoxy, catalyst for acrylic resin production, self-coagulant for glass fiber material, crosslinking agent for silicone fluororubber, oil refining, flour bleaching, fiber decolorization, etc. In addition, benzoic acid can be reacted with benzoyl chloride to produce benzoic anhydride. The main use of benzoic anhydride is as an acylating agent, as a component of bleaching agent and flux, and also in the preparation of benzoyl peroxide. used as analytical reagents, also used in spices, organic synthesis
production method	1. Toluene method raw materials toluene and chlorine in the light under the condition of reaction, side chain chlorination to produce α-trichlorotoluene, the latter in acidic medium hydrolysis to generate benzoyl chloride, and the release of hydrogen chloride gas (production of water absorption of HCl gas). 2. Benzoic acid and phosgene reaction. The benzoic acid is put into a photochemical pot, heated and melted, and phosgene is introduced at 140-150 ℃. The reaction tail gas contains hydrogen chloride and unreacted phosgene, which is treated with alkali and vented, the temperature at the end of the reaction was -2-3 °c, and the product was distilled under reduced pressure after the gas removal operation. Industrial products are yellowish transparent liquids. Purity ≥ 98%. Raw material consumption quota: benzoic acid 920kg/t, phosgene 1100kg/t, dimethylformamide 3kg/t, liquid alkali (30%)900kg/t. Now widely used in the industry of benzoic acid and benzylidene chloride reaction preparation. Benzoyl chloride can also be obtained by direct chlorination of benzaldehyde. There are several preparation methods. (1) The benzoic acid is heated and melted by phosgene method, and phosgene is introduced at 140~150 ℃, and a certain amount of phosgene is introduced to reach the end point. The phosgene is driven by nitrogen, and the tail gas is absorbed and destroyed, the final product was obtained by distillation under reduced pressure. (2) phosphorus trichloride method benzoic acid dissolved in toluene and other solvents, Phosphorus trichloride was added dropwise, and the reaction was carried out for several hours after dropping, the toluene was distilled off, and then the finished product was distilled off. (3) trichloromethylbenzene method to toluene side chain chlorination, and then hydrolysis product.
category	corrosive article
toxicity grade	poisoning
Acute toxicity	oral-rat LD50: 1900 mg/kg; Inhalation-rat LC50: 1870 mg/m3/2 h
explosive hazard characteristics	corrosive effects on skin, eyes, mucous membranes; Inhalation hazards olfactory and respiratory system; reaction explosion with aluminum chloride and naphthalene
flammability hazard characteristics	flammable; Reaction in case of oxidant; Fever decomposition of toxic chloride gas in case of water; toxic chloride smoke from combustion
storage and transportation characteristics	The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature, separate storage of cyanide
fire extinguishing agent	carbon dioxide, dry powder, alcohol foam
Occupational Standard	TWA 5 mg/m3; Tel 10 mg/m3
spontaneous combustion temperature	600°C
toxic substance data	information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link)